knee CARTILAGE “MENISCUS” INJURY
DEFINITION:
- The menisci are cartilage structures in the knee that act in both a supportive as well as “shock absorbing” role in the knee. Each knee has a medial and lateral meniscus which our prone to tearing with certain activities. (See illustration).
MECHANISM OF INJURY / HOW IT OCCURS:
- A result of a forceful twisting or pivoting injury to the knee.
- Often seen in activities such as football, soccer, and rugby.
- Baseball catchers and wrestlers, who are often in a squatting position, cause a friction grinding type stress to the menisci which can lead to ultimate tear.
SYMPTOMS:
- Individuals complain of pain, swelling and limited motion.
- Mechanical symptoms such as catching, popping and locking “locked knee” are often noted.
- Giving way episodes can occur.
- Symptoms are exacerbated with activities such as pivoting, twisting and squatting.
DIAGNOSIS:
- Physical examination will reveal pain along the joint line.
- Swelling with limited motion is often noted.
- Radiographic studies to include plain x-rays, to rule out loose body or fracture.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of benefit to confirm the diagnosis as well as to evaluate for other damage in the joint.
TREATMENT/REHABILITATION:
- Rest, ice, and elevation are the initial treatment modalities.
- Anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDS).
- Physical therapy to regain motion and strength is important. (See exercises for meniscal tears).
- Surgery is often indicated depending on severity of symptoms, type of tear, as well as age of patient. Arthroscopic techniques are utilized to either repair or trim the torn portion of the meniscus. Post operative knee rehabilitation is often required.