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Foot/ankle Plantar fasciitis Achilles tendonitis Ankle sprain Stress fracture Turf Toe
Calf/Lower Leg Shin splints Tibial stress fracture Compartment syndrome Gastrocnemius strain
Knee Patellofemoral syndrome illiotibial band syndrome Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Patellar tendonitis Cartilage injury Knee Arthritis Pes anserine bursitis
Hip Trochanteric bursitis Groin Pull Piriformis syndrome Hamstring strain Hip Ostenonecrosis Hip Arthritis
Shoulder Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis Dislocation Burners/stingers Shoulder Separation Arthritis Rotator Cuff Injury
Elbow Biceps tendon Rupture Lateral Epicondylitis Dislocation Olecronon Bursitis Biceps Tendonitis Medial Epicondylitis
Wrist/ hand Flexor Tendon Injury Mallet Finger Ulnar Collateral Injury of Thumb
KNEE ARTHRITIS

knee KNEE ARTHRITIS

DEFINITION:

  • A destructive process resulting in loss of cartilage and subsequent narrowing of the joint space. (See illustration).

MECHANISM OF INJURY / HOW IT OCCURS:

  • Osteoarthritis is the most common form and can be primary or a result of trauma, (previous fracture, meniscus tear, or ligament injury), amongst other causes.

SYMPTOMS:

  • Individuals complain of gradual increase in pain exacerbated with weight bearing activities.
  • Giving way episodes and a sensation of catching can occur.
  • Getting up from a seated position, climbing stairs, and descending stairs can exacerbate symptoms.
  • Intermittent swelling.
  • Pain may become constant as arthritic process progresses with individuals experiencing pain at rest and at night.

DIAGNOSIS:

  • Physical examination reveals decreased motion with discomfort on motion testing.
  • Swelling.
  • Joint line tenderness.
  • A grating sensation (crepitation) with motion.
  • May see an angular deformity, best appreciated in the standing position.
  • Radiographs , including a weight bearing view, will confirm the arthritic process.

TREATMENT/REHABILITATION:

  • Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDS).
  • Activity modifications specifically avoiding impact activities.
  • Ice or heat is as per individual preference.
  • Neoprene sleeves help with control of swelling. Off- loading braces help concentrate pressure to less affected parts of knee.
  • Rehabilitation to include non-impact activities such as cycling and swimming. Stretching and strengthening exercises to preserve motion and function. (See exercises for knee arthritis).
  • Corticosteroid injections may afford temporary benefit.
  • Viscosupplementation  injections may be of benefit in mild cases.
  • Surgical procedures such as arthroscopy (evaluating with a camera) or osteotomy (realignment by cutting bone) can be considered in certain situation.
  • Ultimately total knee arthroplasty (replacement) surgery.

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