shoulder SHOULDER SEPARATION
DEFINITION:
- Also known as AC (acromioclavicular) separation.
- An injury involving the ligaments of the AC joint where the collarbone (clavicle) separates from the acromion (portion of the scapula). (See illustration).
MECHANISM OF INJURY / HOW IT OCCURS:
- Often a result of a compression force on the outside of the shoulder. Seen in sports such as hockey, football, soccer and cycling.
- The ligaments stabilizing the joint are torn with the subsequent displacement of the clavicle upwards relative to the acromion.
SYMPTOMS:
- Individuals will complain of pain, swelling, limited motion secondary to pain.
DIAGNOSIS:
- Physical examination will reveal tenderness to palpation over the AC joint.
- Swelling and possibly a bony prominence will be noted depending on the grade of separation.
- Radiographic evaluation, specifically with a weighted x-ray will help determine the grade of the injury.
TREATMENT/REHABILITATION:
- Rest, ice and anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are initial treatment modalities utilized.
- Sling for temporary support.
- Therapy to include motion and strength training. (See exercises for shoulder separation).
- Rarely surgery is indicated. Consider if pain persists or with severe deformity.